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APPLICATION NOTE A V A I LABLE
AN20, AN42-53, AN71, AN73, AN88, AN91-92, AN115
Terminal Voltages 5V, 32 Taps
X9313
Digitally-Controlled (XDCP) Potentiometer
FEATURES * Solid-state Potentiometer * Three-wire Serial Interface * 32 Wiper Tap Points --Wiper Position Stored in Nonvolatile Memory and Recalled on Power-Up * 31 Resistive Elements --Temperature Compensated --End to End Resistance Range 20% --Terminal Voltages, -5V to +5V * Low Power CMOS --VCC=3V or 5V --Active current, 3mA max. --Standby current, 500A max. * High Reliability --Endurance, 100,000 data changes per bit --Register data retention, 100 years * RTOTAL Values = 1K, 10K, 50K, 100K * Packages --8-Lead SOIC, MSOP and DIP DESCRIPTION The Xicor X9313 is a digitally-controlled (XDCP) potentiometer. The device consists of a resistor array, wiper switches, a control section, and nonvolatile (XDCP) memory. The wiper position is controlled by a three-wire interface. The potentiometer is implemented by a resistor array composed of 31 resistive elements and a wiper switching network. Between each element and at either end are tap points accessible to the wiper terminal. The position of the wiper element is controlled by the CS, U/D, and INC inputs. The position of the wiper can be stored in nonvolatile memory and then be recalled upon a subsequent power-up operation. The device can be used as a three-terminal potentiometer or as a two-terminal variable resistor in a wide variety of applications including: * control * parameter adjustments * signal processing
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMS
VCC (Supply Voltage)
U/D INC CS
5-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER
31 30 29
RH/VH
UP/DOWN (U/D) INCREMENT (INC) DEVICE SELECT (CS) CONTROL AND MEMORY
RH/VH 5-BIT NONVOLATILE MEMORY
RW/VW
28 ONE OF THIRTY TWO DECODER
TRANSFER GATES
RL/VL 2 VSS (Ground) GENERAL VCC VSS STORE AND RECALL CONTR OL CIRCUITRY 1 0
RESISTOR ARRAY
RL/VL RW/VW DETAILED
XDCPTM is a trademark of Xicor, Inc. 9800-2004.8 8/11/99 CW
1
Characteristics subject to change without notice
X9313
PIN DESCRIPTIONS RH/VH and RL/VL The high (RH/VH) and low (RL/VL) terminals of the X9313 are equivalent to the fixed terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is VSS and the maximum is VCC. The terminology of RL/VL and RH/VH references the relative position of the terminal in relation to wiper movement direction selected by the U/D input and not the voltage potential on the terminal. RW/VW RW/Vw is the wiper terminal and is equivalent to the movable terminal of a mechanical potentiometer. The position of the wiper within the array is determined by the control inputs. The wiper terminal series resistance is typically 40 at VCC = 5V. Up/Down (U/D) The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper movement and whether the counter is incremented or decremented. Increment (INC) The INC input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC will move the wiper and either increment or decrement the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level on the U/D input. Chip Select (CS) The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. The current counter value is stored in nonvolatile memory when CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. After the store operation is complete the X9313 will be placed in the low power standby mode until the device is selected once again. PIN CONFIGURATION
8-LEAD DIP/SOIC INC U/D RH/VH VSS 1 2 3 4 X9313 8 7 6 5 VCC CS RL/VL RW/VW
8-LEAD MSOP RH/VH VSS RW/VW RL/VL 1 2 3 4 X9313 8 7 6 5 U/D INC VCC CS
PIN NAMES Symbol
RH/VH RW/VW RL/VL VSS VCC U/D INC CS
Description
High Terminal Wiper Terminal Low Terminal Ground Supply Voltage Up/Down Control Input Increment Control Input Chip Select Control Input
2
X9313
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION There are three sections of the X9313: the input control, counter and decode section; the nonvolatile memory; and the resistor array. The input control section operates just like an up/down counter. The output of this counter is decoded to turn on a single electronic switch connecting a point on the resistor array to the wiper output. Under the proper conditions the contents of the counter can be stored in nonvolatile memory and retained for future use. The resistor array is comprised of 31 individual resistors connected in series. At either end of the array and between each resistor is an electronic switch that transfers the potential at that point to the wiper. The wiper, when at either fixed terminal, acts like its mechanical equivalent and does not move beyond the last position. That is, the counter does not wrap around when clocked to either extreme. The electronic switches on the device operate in a "make before break" mode when the wiper changes tap positions. If the wiper is moved several positions, multiple taps are connected to the wiper for tIW (INC to VW change). The RTOTAL value for the device can temporarily be reduced by a significant amount if the wiper is moved several positions. When the device is powered-down, the last wiper position stored will be maintained in the nonvolatile memory. When power is restored, the contents of the memory are recalled and the wiper is set to the value last stored. INSTRUCTIONS AND PROGRAMMING The INC, U/D and CS inputs control the movement of the wiper along the resistor array. With CS set LOW the device is selected and enabled to respond to the U/D and INC inputs. HIGH to LOW transitions on INC will increment or decrement (depending on the state of the U/D input) a seven bit counter. The output of this counter is decoded to select one of thirty two wiper positions along the resistive array. The value of the counter is stored in nonvolatile memory whenever CS transistions HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. The system may select the X9313, move the wiper and deselect the device without having to store the latest wiper position in nonvolatile memory. After the wiper movement is performed as described above and once the new position is reached, the system must keep INC LOW while taking CS HIGH. The new wiper position will be maintained until changed by the system or until a power-up/down cycle recalled the previously stored data. This procedure allows the system to always power-up to a preset value stored in nonvolatile memory; then during system operation minor adjustments could be made. The adjustments might be based on user preference, system parameter changes due to temperature drift, etc... The state of U/D may be changed while CS remains LOW. This allows the host system to enable the device and then move the wiper up and down until the proper trim is attained. MODE SELECTION CS
L L H H X L
INC
U/D
H L X X X Wiper Up
Mode
Wiper Down Store Wiper Position Standby Current No Store, Return to Standby
SYMBOL TABLE
WAVEFORM INPUTS Must be steady May change from Low to High May change from High to Low Don't Care: Changes Allowed N/A OUTPUTS Will be steady Will change from Low to High Will change from High to Low Changing: State Not Known Center Line is High Impedance
3
X9313
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Temperature under Bias .........................-65C to +135C Storage Temperature..............................-65C to +150C Voltage on CS, INC, U/D, VH, VL and VCC with Respect to VSS.................................. -1V to +7V V = |VH-VL| X9313W .................................................................. 4V X9313W, X9313U, X9313T .................................. 10V Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 seconds)............. 300C RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Temperature
Commercial Industrial Military
*COMMENT Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and the functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Min.
0C -40C -55C
Max.
+70C +85C +125C
Supply Voltage (VCC)
X9313 X9313-3
Limits
5V 10% 3V to 5.5V
POTENTIOMETER CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise stated.) Limits Symbol
RTOTAL VVH VVL
Parameter
End to End Resistance VH Terminal Voltage VL Terminal Voltage Power Rating Power Rating
Min.
-20 -5V -5V
Typ.
Max.
+20 +5V +5V 10 16
Units
% V V mW mW mA dBV %
Test Conditions/Notes
RTOTAL 10 K RTOTAL = 1 K IW = 1mA, VCC = 5V
RW IW
Wiper Resistance Wiper Current Noise Resolution Absolute Linearity
(1)
40
100 1
-120 3 -1 -0.2 300 20 10/10/ 25 +1 +0.2
Ref: 1kHz Vw(n)(actual) - Vw(n)(expected) Vw(n+1) - [Vw(n)+MI]
MI(3) MI(3) ppm/C ppm/C pF
Relative Linearity(2) RTOTAL Temperature Coefficient Ratiometric Temperature Coefficient CH/CL/CW
Notes:
Potentiometer Capacitances
See circuit #3
(1) Absolute Linearity is utilized to determine actual wiper voltage versus expected voltage = (Vw(n)(actual) - Vw(n)(expected)) = 1 Ml Maximum. (2) Relative Linearity is a measure of the error in step size between taps = VW(n+1) - [Vw(n) + Ml] = 0.2 Ml. (3) 1 Ml = Minimum Increment = RTOT/31.
4
X9313
D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified.) Limits Symbol
ICC ISB ILI VIH VIL CIN(5)
Parameter
VCC Active Current Standby Supply Current CS, INC, U/D Input Leakage Current CS, INC, U/D Input HIGH Voltage CS, INC, U/D Input LOW Voltage CS, INC, U/D Input Capacitance
Min.
Typ.(4)
1 200
Max.
3 500 10
Units
mA A A V V pF
Test Conditions
CS = VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and INC = 0.4V/2.4V @ max. tCYC CS = VCC - 0.3V, U/D and INC = VSS or VCC - 0.3V VIN = VSS to VCC
2 -1
VCC + 1 0.8 10
VCC = 5V, VIN = VSS, TA = 25C, f = 1MHz
ENDURANCE AND DATA RETENTION Parameter
Minimum Endurance Data Retention
Min.
100,000 100
Units
Data Changes per Bit Years
Test Circuit #1
Test Circuit #2
VH/RH TEST POINT
Circuit #3 SPICE Macromodel
RTOTAL RH CH CW 25pF 10pF RW CL 10pF RL
VH/RH
VS
TEST POINT VW/RW VL/RL VL /RL L
VW VW/RW FORCE CURRENT
Notes:
(4) Typical values are for TA = 25C and nominal supply voltage. (5) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. 5
X9313
A.C. CONDITIONS OF TEST
Input Pulse Levels Input Rise and Fall Times Input Reference Levels 0V to 3V 10ns 1.5V
A.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified) Limits Symbol
tCl tlD tDI tlL tlH tlC tCPH tCPH tIW tCYC tR, tF(7) tPU(7) tR VCC(7) tWR CS to INC Setup INC HIGH to U/D Change U/D to INC Setup INC LOW Period INC HIGH Period INC Inactive to CS Inactive CS Deselect Time (STORE) CS Deselect Time (NO STORE) INC to Vw Change INC Cycle Time INC Input Rise and Fall Time Power up to Wiper Stable VCC Power-up Rate Store Cycle 0.2 5 4 500 5 50 10
Parameter
Min.
100 100 2.9 1 1 1 20 100
Typ.(6)
Max.
Units
ns ns s s s s ms ns
1
5
s s s s V/ms ms
A.C. TIMING
CS tCYC tCI INC tID tDI tF tIL tIH tIC tCPH 90% 90% 10% tR
U/D tIW VW MI (8)
Notes: (6) Typical values are for TA = 25C and nominal supply voltage. (7) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. (8) MI in the A.C. timing diagram refers to the minimum incremental change in the VW output due to a change in the wiper position.
6
X9313
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Electronic digitally-controlled (XDCP) potentiometers provide three powerful application advantages; (1) the variability and reliability of a solid-state potentiometer, (2) the flexibility of computer-based digital controls, and (3) the retentivity of nonvolatile memory used for the storage of multiple potentiometer settings or data. Basic Configurations of Electronic Potentiometers
VR VH VW VL I Three terminal potentiometer; variable voltage divider Two terminal variable resistor; variable current VR
Basic Circuits Buffered Reference Voltage
R1 +V +5V VREF VW + - -5V VOUT = VW (a) (b) OP-07 VOUT +V R1 VW VO = (1+R2/R1)VS VW X
Cascading Techniques
+V +V
Noninverting Amplifier
+5V VS + - -5V R2 LM308A VO
Voltage Regulator
Offset Voltage Adjustment
R1 VS 100K - + VO TL072 10K 10K 10K -12V R2
Comparator with Hysterisis
VIN
317 R1
VO (REG)
VS
LT311A
- + VO
Iadj R2
VO (REG) = 1.25V (1+R2/R1)+Iadj R2 +12V
VUL = {R1/(R1+R2)} VO(max) VLL = {R1/(R1+R2)} VO(min) (for additional circuits see AN115)
}
R1
}
R2
7
X9313
PACKAGING INFORMATION 8-LEAD MINIATURE SMALL OUTLINE GULL WING PACKAGE TYPE M
0.118 0.002 (3.00 0.05) 0.012 + 0.006 / -0.002 (0.30 + 0.15 / -0.05) 0.0256 (0.65) TYP 0.036 (0.91) 0.032 (0.81) 7 TYP
0.040 0.002 (1.02 0.05) R 0.014 (0.36)
0.008 (0.20) 0.004 (0.10)
0.118 0.002 (3.00 0.05) 0.007 (0.18) 0.005 (0.13) 0.150 (3.81) REF. 0.193 (4.90) REF.
0.030 (0.76) 0.0216 (0.55)
NOTE: 1. ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES AND (MILLIMETERS)
8-LEAD PLASTIC DUAL IN-LINE PACKAGE TYPE P
0.430 (10.92) 0.360 (9.14) HALF SHOULDER WIDTH ON ALL END PINS OPTIONAL SEATING PLANE 0.150 (3.81) 0.125 (3.18) 0.145 (3.68) 0.128 (3.25)
0.260 (6.60) 0.240 (6.10) PIN 1 INDEX PIN 1 0.300 (7.62) REF. 0.060 (1.52) 0.020 (0.51)
0.025 (0.64) 0.015 (0.38) 0.065 (1.65) 0.045 (1.14) 0.020 (0.51) 0.016 (0.41) 0.325 (8.25) 0.300 (7.62)
0.110 (2.79) 0.090 (2.29) 0.015 (0.38) MAX.
NOTE: 1. ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS) 2. PACKAGE DIMENSIONS EXCLUDE MOLDING FLASH
TYP .0.010 (0.25)
0 15
8
X9313
PACKAGING INFORMATION 8-LEAD PLASTIC SMALL OUTLINE GULL WING PACKAGE TYPE S
0.150 (3.80) 0.158 (4.00) PIN 1 INDEX
0.228 (5.80) 0.244 (6.20)
PIN 1
0.014 (0.35) 0.019 (0.49)
0.188 (4.78) 0.197 (5.00)
(4X) 7
0.053 (1.35) 0.069 (1.75)
0.050 (1.27)
0.004 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25)
0.010 (0.25) 0.020 (0.50) X 45
0.050" TYPICAL
0 - 8 0.0075 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.410) 0.037 (0.937) 0.250"
0.050" TYPICAL
FOOTPRINT
0.030" TYPICAL 8 PLACES
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)
9
X9313
ORDERING INFORMATION X9313X X X X VCC Limits Blank = 4.5V to 5.5V 3 = 3V to 5.5V Temperature Range Blank = Commercial = 0C to +70C I = Industrial = -40C to +85C M = Military = -55C to +125C Package M = 8-Lead MSOP P = 8-Lead Plastic DIP S = 8-Lead SOIC End to End Resistance Z = 1K W = 10K U = 50K T = 100K
Physical Characteristics Marking Includes Manufacturer's Trademark Resistance Value or Code Date Code
LIMITED WARRANTY Devices sold by Xicor, Inc. are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. Xicor, Inc. reserves the right to discontinue production and change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Xicor, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Xicor, Inc. product. No other circuits, patents, licenses are implied. U.S. PATENTS Xicor products are covered by one or more of the following U.S. Patents: 4,263,664; 4,274,012; 4,300,212; 4,314,265; 4,326,134; 4,393,481; 4,404,475; 4,450,402; 4,486,769; 4,488,060; 4,520,461; 4,533,846; 4,599,706; 4,617,652; 4,668,932; 4,752,912; 4,829, 482; 4,874, 967; 4,883, 976. Foreign patents and additional patents pending. LIFE RELATED POLICY In situations where semiconductor component failure may endanger life, system designers using this product should design the system with appropriate error detection and correction, redundancy and back-up features to prevent such an occurence. Xicor's products are not authorized for use in critical components in life support devices or systems. 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. 10

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